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Analytic hierarchy process of geoecological monitoring of the impact of road infrastructure on environmental objects / G. Priorov, A. Makarova, V. Chelnokov et al. // 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2019. — Vol. 19 of International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. — International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference Albena, Bulgaria, 2019. — P. 745–751. Given the geographical extent of Russia, its highways play a crucial strategic role. Combining territories through the mass transfer of freight and passenger traffic and providing access to various resources, the road infrastructure facilitates the development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, any unsolved problem seriously hampers the economic development of both the country and its regions. Waste during the maintenance of roads is generated during their operation as a result of the destruction of the road surface, transportation of dusty goods and materials on them, movement of polluted vehicles, as well as a result of winter road maintenance and their anti-icing materials (AIM). The issue of the environmental safety of substances and materials used for the maintenance and operation of roads, including AIMs, is currently very relevant, so there is a need for a detailed approach in assessing the potential impact of such materials on humans and environmental objects, as well as identifying risks and restrictions, related to the handling of these products. The exact analytical methods, which include the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), are sufficiently universal for any sphere of human activity: business, government or social life. It explains the relevance of the topic of this work. Analysis of the problem of decision-making in the method of analyzing hierarchies is based on the construction of a hierarchical structure that includes the goal, criteria, and other factors considered that influence the choice. For the geoecological monitoring of pollution generated during the operation of roads, an analytic AHP-system has been developed for determination of the effects of pollutants on the most important environmental components in Moscow. The key environmental objects were selected: soil, green spaces, water bodies, and atmospheric air. To improve the accuracy of research, the primary analysis of environmental objects provided for monthly sampling in each ecological zone during the whole year. [ DOI ]
Environmental impact assessment of year-round waste / V. Chelnokov, A. Matasov, A. Glushko et al. // 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2019. — Vol. 19 of International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. — International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference Albena, Bulgaria, 2019. — P. 163–170. Assessment of the environmental impact of year-round waste in roads. During winter a combination of deicing agents that consist of salt mixtures designed to reduce the slipperiness of road surfaces are used. These agents are found in both a solid state (bulk), and in liquid form (solutions). Solid chemical reagents are widespread in Russia, that are based on reactions of salts and solutions with precipitation, as a result of which the freezing point of water becomes lower than the natural one. Solid chemical reagents are most commonly used in Russia. Calcium and sodium chlorides, in pure form or their combination in a certain proportion, are often the basis of anti-icing agents. An experiment to determine the inhibition of growth and reproduction of higher plants under controlled conditions was conducted in order to identify the effect of anti-icing reagents on plants and soil. The experiment is conducted in accordance with ISO 22030:2005 "Soil quality. Biological methods. Chronic toxicity in higher plants”. This method is used to investigate chemical links using various concentrations of the tested substance in soil. In this experiment we used “White mustard (lat. Sinapis alba)”. Plant seeds were planted in three vegetative pots with soil and in a controlled vegetative pot. The pots were placed under a phytolamp, allowing the necessary conditions for seed germination to be maintained. In the result of the experimental method 8 out of 10 seeds have germinated in each vegetative pot. Before the start of the experiment, solutions with different concentrations of the anti-icing agent were prepared. In the course of the experiment, 10ml of the anti-icing agent solution was added to the three vegetation vessels every day throughout the experiment. On the eighth day of the experiment, the plants in the vegetative pot which had the highest concentrations of anti-icing agents died. As a result of excessive amounts of chlorides in the soil from the anti-icing agents. There was an insufficient flow of water to plants, the stop of synthesis of vitamins and phytohormone, the chemical composition and change the pH. After this, we conducted a series of the same experiments with the addition of innovative drug "Pochvovit" (trademark number 559263), which reduces the soil salinity. This drug can be used for working a road strip in the composition of deicing materials with sodium chloride and calcium and/or for working of territories with green plantings in zones of man-made oppression made as a consequence of using anti-icing agents and materials with sodium chloride and calcium in liquid and solid compositions with the goal of neutralizing phytopathological effects of anti-icing agents and materials on the basis of compositions with sodium chloride. © SGEM2019 All Rights Reserved. [ DOI ]
Use of the bioplato for removal of residual contamination of industrial drains / V. Chelnokov, T. Avdeenkova, A. Matasov et al. // 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2019. — Vol. 19 of International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. — International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference Albena, Bulgaria, 2019. — P. 791–798. The modern state of the most water bodies and coastal zones does not comply with the standards. Water pollution indicates the need for water treatment systems. For this goal, the proposed were used of biological engineering structures with higher aquatic vegetation – bioplato (floating plant islands). The cleaning process occurs due to the natural ability of a number of living organisms and plants to absorb, decompose and recycle pollutants. Despite the enormous advantages as by as: Simplicity, cost-effectiveness and efficiency, implementation of floating bioplato systems are not conducted. Therefore, the use of bioplato is considered as the newest approach in the tasks of prevention and assistance in the cleaning of water bodies and is the most natural approach. The following innovative solutions are used for the successful functioning of the bioplato: Special platform mats made of polymeric nonwoven materials that do not adversely affect the environment and are favorable for the life of living organisms; frame retaining structures made of lightweight, durable and corrosion-resistant composite material (glass composite, polymer composite), to which fastening is provided for retention in flow conditions; populated strains of native destructor microorganisms; additional attachment of cleaning devices from the newest highly porous carbon fibers for adsorption of suspended particle. In the course of the experiment, a set of successively placed containers, carrying out self-flowing overflow of wastewater containing certain concentrations of heavy metals and petroleum products was assembled. The imitation biosystem of the plant – microorganisms was represented by rhizomatous plants of the Iridaceae and Typhaceae family, represented Tipha Gracilis and Iris Pseudacorus L. and anaerobic microorganisms. A comparative analysis was made of data from the control group of plants and the working group. Also, data on the dynamics of cleaning bioplato on individual components and its combined action with the use of prolonged-action biologics and chelate complexes depending on the temperature profile, various regimes circulation of water flows and aeration. The magnitude of bio – and phytomass needed for wastewater treatment has been revealed. The result was investigated the effects of various agents stimulating the extraction (accumulation) of plant contamination at various concentrations of heavy metals and petroleum products. As a result, working approaches were obtained for the creation of highly efficient mobile combined floating bioplato adapted for the climatic zone of central Russia. A method of “building up” the root system was also proposed, which yields significant results from an active bacterial film necessary for cleaning wastewater. Creation of the process of degradation in the autumn-winter period through the use of strains of anaerobic microorganisms in the aggregate action with prolonged-action biologics. [ DOI ]
Использование биоплато для удаления остаточных загрязнений производственных стоков / А. С. Макарова, Т. С. Авдеенкова, С. Л. Булеева и др. // Вестник Международной академии системных исследований. Информатика, экология, экономика. — 2019. — Т. 21. — С. 32–39. Современное состояние большинства водных объектов и их прибрежных зон не соответствует саниторно-гигиеническим нормативам. Загрязнение вод говорит о необходимости применения водоочистных систем. Применяются различные технологии для очистки воды. Наиболее приближенным к природным процессам является способ с использованием биологического инженерного сооружения с высшей водной растительностью – биоплато. Процесс очистки происходит за счет естественной способности ряда живых организмов и растений поглощать, разлагать и перерабатывать загрязняющие вещества. В статье представлены результаты использования биоинженерных конструкций разных видов, в результате чего были получены рабочие подходы по созданию высокоэффективных мобильных плавучих биоплато, адаптированных для климатической зоны центральной России. Были получены данные о работоспособности предлагаемых биоплато, эффективности очистки воды с помощью высших водных растений Tipha Gracilis, Iris Pseudacorus, штаммов микроорганизмов Pseudomonas fluorescences и Rhodococcus erytropolis и углеродного волокна от загрязняющих веществ.
Исследование воздействия хлорсодержащих противогололедных реагентов на наземные растения / А. С. Макарова, К. В. Пищаева, А. Н. Иванова и др. // Вестник Международной академии системных исследований. Информатика, экология, экономика. — 2019. — Т. 21. — С. 40–43. В России преобладает на большей территории холодная и продолжительная зима, что подразумевает собой использование различных противогололедных реагентов (ПГР) для уменьшения скольжения на дорогах. Однако, растущее использование ПГР может привести к засолению почвы, и так находящейся под большим антропогенным прессом. Для большинства растений избыток солей в почвенном растворе токсичен [1]. В зависимости от концентрации солей в почве у растений наблюдается различная степень угнетения, как следствие внутреннего водного дефицита. В технической соли, которая применяется на дорогах России, основным компонентом является NaCl и СaCl2. При частом применении ПГР возможно их накопление в почве около тротуаров и дорог и как следствие значимое негативное влияние на компоненты окружающей среды.